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welcome to future path I'm a Mariko for

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welcome to future path I'm a Mariko for
 

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welcome to future path I'm a Mariko for
Astari the director of External Affairs

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Astari the director of External Affairs
 

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Astari the director of External Affairs
at the NASA Lewis Research Center in

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at the NASA Lewis Research Center in
 

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at the NASA Lewis Research Center in
this series we are exploring research

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this series we are exploring research
 

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this series we are exploring research
and technology programs that may affect

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and technology programs that may affect
 

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and technology programs that may affect
our lives this show deals with the

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our lives this show deals with the
 

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our lives this show deals with the
present and the future in a little while

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present and the future in a little while
 

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present and the future in a little while
we'll see how an advanced propeller

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we'll see how an advanced propeller
 

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we'll see how an advanced propeller
aircraft engine now under test may

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aircraft engine now under test may
 

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aircraft engine now under test may
replace conventional jet engines but

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replace conventional jet engines but
 

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replace conventional jet engines but
first let's take a look at the space

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first let's take a look at the space
 

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first let's take a look at the space
station here at Lois we have had an

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station here at Lois we have had an
 

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station here at Lois we have had an
ongoing program to design power systems

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ongoing program to design power systems
 

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ongoing program to design power systems
for future spacecraft before Lewis began

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for future spacecraft before Lewis began
 

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for future spacecraft before Lewis began
to work on a power system for the space

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to work on a power system for the space
 

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to work on a power system for the space
station however many years of research

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station however many years of research
 

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station however many years of research
went by throughout the 30-year history

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went by throughout the 30-year history
 

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went by throughout the 30-year history
of space exploration there has been an

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of space exploration there has been an
 

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of space exploration there has been an
evolution in our understanding and use

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evolution in our understanding and use
 

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evolution in our understanding and use
of space

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of space
 

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of space
we began with exploration pioneering

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we began with exploration pioneering
 

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we began with exploration pioneering
kind of missions we've demonstrated some

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kind of missions we've demonstrated some
 

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kind of missions we've demonstrated some
initial space operational capability

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initial space operational capability
 

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initial space operational capability
with the shuttle we now want to make

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with the shuttle we now want to make
 

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with the shuttle we now want to make
space a place where we live and work

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space a place where we live and work
 

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space a place where we live and work
permanently so space station we believe

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permanently so space station we believe
 

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permanently so space station we believe
is the next logical step in that

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is the next logical step in that
 

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is the next logical step in that
evolutionary process the next logical

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evolutionary process the next logical
 

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evolutionary process the next logical
step we have visited space for short

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step we have visited space for short
 

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step we have visited space for short
periods we now have the capability and

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periods we now have the capability and
 

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periods we now have the capability and
resources to make it a place to go to

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resources to make it a place to go to
 

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resources to make it a place to go to
stay permanently a place where we go to

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stay permanently a place where we go to
 

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stay permanently a place where we go to
work and to do useful tasks a space

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work and to do useful tasks a space
 

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work and to do useful tasks a space
station is a logical place in which to

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station is a logical place in which to
 

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station is a logical place in which to
do this

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do this
 

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do this
the main horizontal keel will have solar

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the main horizontal keel will have solar
 

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the main horizontal keel will have solar
powered electrical generating systems

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powered electrical generating systems
 

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powered electrical generating systems
and pressurize crew and laboratory

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and pressurize crew and laboratory
 

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and pressurize crew and laboratory
modules the space station is being

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modules the space station is being
 

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modules the space station is being
designed to serve a variety of users

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designed to serve a variety of users
 

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designed to serve a variety of users
many experimenters have been identified

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many experimenters have been identified
 

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many experimenters have been identified
these will be earth viewing space

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these will be earth viewing space
 

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these will be earth viewing space
viewing experiments many microgravity

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viewing experiments many microgravity
 

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viewing experiments many microgravity
experiments Space Station will be used

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experiments Space Station will be used
 

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experiments Space Station will be used
for assembly of large structures

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for assembly of large structures
 

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for assembly of large structures
servicing of satellites and other

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servicing of satellites and other
 

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servicing of satellites and other
payloads and as a transportation node in

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payloads and as a transportation node in
 

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payloads and as a transportation node in
the sense that payloads would be taken

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the sense that payloads would be taken
 

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the sense that payloads would be taken
off of the space shuttle and put on to

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off of the space shuttle and put on to
 

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off of the space shuttle and put on to
some other rocket to go into

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some other rocket to go into
 

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some other rocket to go into
interplanetary space or to high Earth

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interplanetary space or to high Earth
 

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interplanetary space or to high Earth
orbit space station will be a research

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orbit space station will be a research
 

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orbit space station will be a research
laboratory to conduct science and to

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laboratory to conduct science and to
 

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laboratory to conduct science and to
develop new technologies a permanent

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develop new technologies a permanent
 

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develop new technologies a permanent
Observatory enabling us to look down at

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Observatory enabling us to look down at
 

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Observatory enabling us to look down at
earth and up at the stars the station

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earth and up at the stars the station
 

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earth and up at the stars the station
will be a servicing manufacturing and

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will be a servicing manufacturing and
 

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will be a servicing manufacturing and
assembly plant as well as a storage

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assembly plant as well as a storage
 

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assembly plant as well as a storage
depot and a staging base there are many

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depot and a staging base there are many
 

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depot and a staging base there are many
other uses the bottom line is that space

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other uses the bottom line is that space
 

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other uses the bottom line is that space
station will be a multi-purpose facility

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station will be a multi-purpose facility
 

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station will be a multi-purpose facility
very much unlike the spacecraft that

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very much unlike the spacecraft that
 

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very much unlike the spacecraft that
nASA has designed in the past which were

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nASA has designed in the past which were
 

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nASA has designed in the past which were
designed for essentially one mission

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designed for essentially one mission
 

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designed for essentially one mission
space station will be very different it

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space station will be very different it
 

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space station will be very different it
will be multi-purpose and it will be

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will be multi-purpose and it will be
 

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will be multi-purpose and it will be
very long-lived compared with previous

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very long-lived compared with previous
 

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very long-lived compared with previous
spacecraft in the sense that space

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spacecraft in the sense that space
 

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spacecraft in the sense that space
station is designed for approximately a

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station is designed for approximately a
 

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station is designed for approximately a
30-year lifetime you contrast that with

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30-year lifetime you contrast that with
 

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30-year lifetime you contrast that with
single purpose satellites which might be

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single purpose satellites which might be
 

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single purpose satellites which might be
designed for a few years at most the

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designed for a few years at most the
 

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designed for a few years at most the
role of Lewis Research Center in the

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role of Lewis Research Center in the
 

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role of Lewis Research Center in the
space station program is to design the

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space station program is to design the
 

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space station program is to design the
electrical power generating conditioning

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electrical power generating conditioning
 

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electrical power generating conditioning
and storage systems power the use of

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and storage systems power the use of
 

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and storage systems power the use of
power for civilization is a measure of

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power for civilization is a measure of
 

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power for civilization is a measure of
its development if you chart the usage

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its development if you chart the usage
 

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its development if you chart the usage
of power on earth you find that the more

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of power on earth you find that the more
 

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of power on earth you find that the more
advanced societies use more and more

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advanced societies use more and more
 

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advanced societies use more and more
electric power the less advanced you are

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electric power the less advanced you are
 

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electric power the less advanced you are
the less you use in space we've been

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the less you use in space we've been
 

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the less you use in space we've been
absolutely primitive in the first 25

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absolutely primitive in the first 25
 

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absolutely primitive in the first 25
years of the space program scarcely

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years of the space program scarcely
 

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years of the space program scarcely
using more than 10 kilowatts put that in

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using more than 10 kilowatts put that in
 

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using more than 10 kilowatts put that in
perspective your house uses about 25

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perspective your house uses about 25
 

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perspective your house uses about 25
kilowatts so we're limited in what we

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kilowatts so we're limited in what we
 

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kilowatts so we're limited in what we
can do

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can do
 

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can do
and that means we can't really flex our

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and that means we can't really flex our
 

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and that means we can't really flex our
muscles in space we can't utilize it we

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muscles in space we can't utilize it we
 

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muscles in space we can't utilize it we
can't understand it well so we're power

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can't understand it well so we're power
 

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can't understand it well so we're power
poor and so we can't explore power is

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poor and so we can't explore power is
 

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poor and so we can't explore power is
vital the space station without power

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vital the space station without power
 

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vital the space station without power
the station could not work other space

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the station could not work other space
 

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the station could not work other space
missions use a small amount of power in

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missions use a small amount of power in
 

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missions use a small amount of power in
comparison to space stations needs

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comparison to space stations needs
 

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comparison to space stations needs
communication satellites use up to about

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communication satellites use up to about
 

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communication satellites use up to about
10 kilowatts of power previously the

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10 kilowatts of power previously the
 

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10 kilowatts of power previously the
largest user of power in near space was

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largest user of power in near space was
 

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largest user of power in near space was
Skylab it used about 15 kilowatts of

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Skylab it used about 15 kilowatts of
 

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Skylab it used about 15 kilowatts of
electricity space station may use more

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electricity space station may use more
 

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electricity space station may use more
than 20 times that or nearly 300

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than 20 times that or nearly 300
 

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than 20 times that or nearly 300
kilowatts to make that much electricity

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kilowatts to make that much electricity
 

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kilowatts to make that much electricity
space station will eventually rely on

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space station will eventually rely on
 

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space station will eventually rely on
hybrid or combination of both solar

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hybrid or combination of both solar
 

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hybrid or combination of both solar
cells and a solar dynamic system the

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cells and a solar dynamic system the
 

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cells and a solar dynamic system the
system to be used first is a solar cell

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system to be used first is a solar cell
 

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system to be used first is a solar cell
system solar cells in large panels or

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system solar cells in large panels or
 

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system solar cells in large panels or
solar arrays collect sunshine and

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solar arrays collect sunshine and
 

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solar arrays collect sunshine and
convert it directly into electricity the

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convert it directly into electricity the
 

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convert it directly into electricity the
hardware to be launched first by the

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hardware to be launched first by the
 

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hardware to be launched first by the
shuttle will be solar panels they've

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shuttle will be solar panels they've
 

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shuttle will be solar panels they've
been used to power spacecraft now

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been used to power spacecraft now
 

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been used to power spacecraft now
throughout the history of the space

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throughout the history of the space
 

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throughout the history of the space
program and we have great confidence

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program and we have great confidence
 

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program and we have great confidence
that they will work that we will be able

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that they will work that we will be able
 

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that they will work that we will be able
to manufacture test and verify their

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to manufacture test and verify their
 

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to manufacture test and verify their
performance to a very high level of

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performance to a very high level of
 

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performance to a very high level of
confidence early solar array panels are

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confidence early solar array panels are
 

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confidence early solar array panels are
about 7% efficient but now new improved

240
00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:10,370
about 7% efficient but now new improved
 

241
00:06:10,370 --> 00:06:13,680
about 7% efficient but now new improved
solar arrays run at about 10% efficiency

242
00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:13,690
solar arrays run at about 10% efficiency
 

243
00:06:13,690 --> 00:06:17,079
solar arrays run at about 10% efficiency
solar panels have a drawback to produce

244
00:06:17,079 --> 00:06:17,089
solar panels have a drawback to produce
 

245
00:06:17,089 --> 00:06:20,769
solar panels have a drawback to produce
about 300 kilowatts 30,000 square feet

246
00:06:20,769 --> 00:06:20,779
about 300 kilowatts 30,000 square feet
 

247
00:06:20,779 --> 00:06:23,320
about 300 kilowatts 30,000 square feet
of panels are needed that's a lot at

248
00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:23,330
of panels are needed that's a lot at
 

249
00:06:23,330 --> 00:06:26,529
of panels are needed that's a lot at
first to complete solar panels will be

250
00:06:26,529 --> 00:06:26,539
first to complete solar panels will be
 

251
00:06:26,539 --> 00:06:29,230
first to complete solar panels will be
orbited for Space Station each unit will

252
00:06:29,230 --> 00:06:29,240
orbited for Space Station each unit will
 

253
00:06:29,240 --> 00:06:32,680
orbited for Space Station each unit will
be about 110 feet long by 33 feet wide

254
00:06:32,680 --> 00:06:32,690
be about 110 feet long by 33 feet wide
 

255
00:06:32,690 --> 00:06:34,899
be about 110 feet long by 33 feet wide
another problem created by the large

256
00:06:34,899 --> 00:06:34,909
another problem created by the large
 

257
00:06:34,909 --> 00:06:36,279
another problem created by the large
size of the panel's

258
00:06:36,279 --> 00:06:36,289
size of the panel's
 

259
00:06:36,289 --> 00:06:39,519
size of the panel's
is atmospheric drag even though space

260
00:06:39,519 --> 00:06:39,529
is atmospheric drag even though space
 

261
00:06:39,529 --> 00:06:42,040
is atmospheric drag even though space
station will orbit at about 250 miles

262
00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:42,050
station will orbit at about 250 miles
 

263
00:06:42,050 --> 00:06:45,040
station will orbit at about 250 miles
there are enough atoms of air at that

264
00:06:45,040 --> 00:06:45,050
there are enough atoms of air at that
 

265
00:06:45,050 --> 00:06:47,559
there are enough atoms of air at that
altitude to impact on the panel's and

266
00:06:47,559 --> 00:06:47,569
altitude to impact on the panel's and
 

267
00:06:47,569 --> 00:06:50,020
altitude to impact on the panel's and
cause the station to slow down ever

268
00:06:50,020 --> 00:06:50,030
cause the station to slow down ever
 

269
00:06:50,030 --> 00:06:52,300
cause the station to slow down ever
so slightly so the station must be

270
00:06:52,300 --> 00:06:52,310
so slightly so the station must be
 

271
00:06:52,310 --> 00:06:54,460
so slightly so the station must be
periodically boosted back into its

272
00:06:54,460 --> 00:06:54,470
periodically boosted back into its
 

273
00:06:54,470 --> 00:06:57,850
periodically boosted back into its
original orbit NASA is designing a

274
00:06:57,850 --> 00:06:57,860
original orbit NASA is designing a
 

275
00:06:57,860 --> 00:06:59,860
original orbit NASA is designing a
system with a smaller area to reduce

276
00:06:59,860 --> 00:06:59,870
system with a smaller area to reduce
 

277
00:06:59,870 --> 00:07:02,920
system with a smaller area to reduce
atmospheric drag this system is the

278
00:07:02,920 --> 00:07:02,930
atmospheric drag this system is the
 

279
00:07:02,930 --> 00:07:05,830
atmospheric drag this system is the
solar dynamic system solar dynamic

280
00:07:05,830 --> 00:07:05,840
solar dynamic system solar dynamic
 

281
00:07:05,840 --> 00:07:10,630
solar dynamic system solar dynamic
system uses a concentrating mirror to

282
00:07:10,630 --> 00:07:10,640
system uses a concentrating mirror to
 

283
00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:14,110
system uses a concentrating mirror to
collect and focus the sun's energy into

284
00:07:14,110 --> 00:07:14,120
collect and focus the sun's energy into
 

285
00:07:14,120 --> 00:07:17,950
collect and focus the sun's energy into
a receiver that accepts that energy in

286
00:07:17,950 --> 00:07:17,960
a receiver that accepts that energy in
 

287
00:07:17,960 --> 00:07:20,230
a receiver that accepts that energy in
the form of heat that's very different

288
00:07:20,230 --> 00:07:20,240
the form of heat that's very different
 

289
00:07:20,240 --> 00:07:22,780
the form of heat that's very different
than solar cells which converts sunlight

290
00:07:22,780 --> 00:07:22,790
than solar cells which converts sunlight
 

291
00:07:22,790 --> 00:07:26,050
than solar cells which converts sunlight
directly into electricity solar dynamic

292
00:07:26,050 --> 00:07:26,060
directly into electricity solar dynamic
 

293
00:07:26,060 --> 00:07:29,920
directly into electricity solar dynamic
systems operate on heat use that heat to

294
00:07:29,920 --> 00:07:29,930
systems operate on heat use that heat to
 

295
00:07:29,930 --> 00:07:34,080
systems operate on heat use that heat to
heat a fluid that runs through a turbine

296
00:07:34,080 --> 00:07:34,090
heat a fluid that runs through a turbine
 

297
00:07:34,090 --> 00:07:37,300
heat a fluid that runs through a turbine
causing it to rotate the turbine of

298
00:07:37,300 --> 00:07:37,310
causing it to rotate the turbine of
 

299
00:07:37,310 --> 00:07:39,100
causing it to rotate the turbine of
course is attached to a generator which

300
00:07:39,100 --> 00:07:39,110
course is attached to a generator which
 

301
00:07:39,110 --> 00:07:41,530
course is attached to a generator which
actually converts the mechanical energy

302
00:07:41,530 --> 00:07:41,540
actually converts the mechanical energy
 

303
00:07:41,540 --> 00:07:45,270
actually converts the mechanical energy
of rotation into electrical energy and

304
00:07:45,270 --> 00:07:45,280
of rotation into electrical energy and
 

305
00:07:45,280 --> 00:07:49,000
of rotation into electrical energy and
that circulating fluid is then reused in

306
00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:49,010
that circulating fluid is then reused in
 

307
00:07:49,010 --> 00:07:52,480
that circulating fluid is then reused in
a closed system so solar dynamic systems

308
00:07:52,480 --> 00:07:52,490
a closed system so solar dynamic systems
 

309
00:07:52,490 --> 00:07:56,710
a closed system so solar dynamic systems
take sunlight convert it to heat that is

310
00:07:56,710 --> 00:07:56,720
take sunlight convert it to heat that is
 

311
00:07:56,720 --> 00:07:58,900
take sunlight convert it to heat that is
transformed into mechanical energy and

312
00:07:58,900 --> 00:07:58,910
transformed into mechanical energy and
 

313
00:07:58,910 --> 00:08:01,840
transformed into mechanical energy and
then finally into electrical energy that

314
00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:01,850
then finally into electrical energy that
 

315
00:08:01,850 --> 00:08:04,300
then finally into electrical energy that
sounds like a complex process but the

316
00:08:04,300 --> 00:08:04,310
sounds like a complex process but the
 

317
00:08:04,310 --> 00:08:06,310
sounds like a complex process but the
overall system efficiency there is

318
00:08:06,310 --> 00:08:06,320
overall system efficiency there is
 

319
00:08:06,320 --> 00:08:08,230
overall system efficiency there is
greater than it is for photovoltaic

320
00:08:08,230 --> 00:08:08,240
greater than it is for photovoltaic
 

321
00:08:08,240 --> 00:08:11,410
greater than it is for photovoltaic
devices besides having a smaller drag

322
00:08:11,410 --> 00:08:11,420
devices besides having a smaller drag
 

323
00:08:11,420 --> 00:08:14,200
devices besides having a smaller drag
area the solar dynamic system is more

324
00:08:14,200 --> 00:08:14,210
area the solar dynamic system is more
 

325
00:08:14,210 --> 00:08:16,990
area the solar dynamic system is more
than 15 percent efficient and NASA is

326
00:08:16,990 --> 00:08:17,000
than 15 percent efficient and NASA is
 

327
00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:19,030
than 15 percent efficient and NASA is
looking at other systems which are more

328
00:08:19,030 --> 00:08:19,040
looking at other systems which are more
 

329
00:08:19,040 --> 00:08:21,370
looking at other systems which are more
than 30 percent efficient they use

330
00:08:21,370 --> 00:08:21,380
than 30 percent efficient they use
 

331
00:08:21,380 --> 00:08:23,640
than 30 percent efficient they use
different engines to drive generators

332
00:08:23,640 --> 00:08:23,650
different engines to drive generators
 

333
00:08:23,650 --> 00:08:25,840
different engines to drive generators
but what do you do if there's no

334
00:08:25,840 --> 00:08:25,850
but what do you do if there's no
 

335
00:08:25,850 --> 00:08:29,080
but what do you do if there's no
sunlight communication satellites orbit

336
00:08:29,080 --> 00:08:29,090
sunlight communication satellites orbit
 

337
00:08:29,090 --> 00:08:32,470
sunlight communication satellites orbit
at an altitude of 22,000 miles these

338
00:08:32,470 --> 00:08:32,480
at an altitude of 22,000 miles these
 

339
00:08:32,480 --> 00:08:34,990
at an altitude of 22,000 miles these
satellites rely on solar cells and

340
00:08:34,990 --> 00:08:35,000
satellites rely on solar cells and
 

341
00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,690
satellites rely on solar cells and
storage batteries for power batteries

342
00:08:37,690 --> 00:08:37,700
storage batteries for power batteries
 

343
00:08:37,700 --> 00:08:39,790
storage batteries for power batteries
supply electricity to the craft when it

344
00:08:39,790 --> 00:08:39,800
supply electricity to the craft when it
 

345
00:08:39,800 --> 00:08:42,970
supply electricity to the craft when it
is in Earth's shadow at 22,000 miles

346
00:08:42,970 --> 00:08:42,980
is in Earth's shadow at 22,000 miles
 

347
00:08:42,980 --> 00:08:45,430
is in Earth's shadow at 22,000 miles
those satellites rarely pass into the

348
00:08:45,430 --> 00:08:45,440
those satellites rarely pass into the
 

349
00:08:45,440 --> 00:08:48,760
those satellites rarely pass into the
shadow of Earth in low-earth orbit space

350
00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:48,770
shadow of Earth in low-earth orbit space
 

351
00:08:48,770 --> 00:08:50,470
shadow of Earth in low-earth orbit space
station will be in the shadow of earth

352
00:08:50,470 --> 00:08:50,480
station will be in the shadow of earth
 

353
00:08:50,480 --> 00:08:53,340
station will be in the shadow of earth
for about half of each 90-minute orbit

354
00:08:53,340 --> 00:08:53,350
for about half of each 90-minute orbit
 

355
00:08:53,350 --> 00:08:56,290
for about half of each 90-minute orbit
the initial space station relying

356
00:08:56,290 --> 00:08:56,300
the initial space station relying
 

357
00:08:56,300 --> 00:08:59,350
the initial space station relying
exclusively on solar cells will require

358
00:08:59,350 --> 00:08:59,360
exclusively on solar cells will require
 

359
00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:01,390
exclusively on solar cells will require
much larger batteries than previously

360
00:09:01,390 --> 00:09:01,400
much larger batteries than previously
 

361
00:09:01,400 --> 00:09:04,210
much larger batteries than previously
used in space but as solar

362
00:09:04,210 --> 00:09:04,220
used in space but as solar
 

363
00:09:04,220 --> 00:09:06,280
used in space but as solar
amic power systems are added energy

364
00:09:06,280 --> 00:09:06,290
amic power systems are added energy
 

365
00:09:06,290 --> 00:09:08,140
amic power systems are added energy
storage will be a different matter

366
00:09:08,140 --> 00:09:08,150
storage will be a different matter
 

367
00:09:08,150 --> 00:09:09,180
storage will be a different matter
altogether

368
00:09:09,180 --> 00:09:09,190
altogether
 

369
00:09:09,190 --> 00:09:12,010
altogether
in the case of the solar dynamic system

370
00:09:12,010 --> 00:09:12,020
in the case of the solar dynamic system
 

371
00:09:12,020 --> 00:09:14,380
in the case of the solar dynamic system
that energy is stored in the form of

372
00:09:14,380 --> 00:09:14,390
that energy is stored in the form of
 

373
00:09:14,390 --> 00:09:18,370
that energy is stored in the form of
heat the leading contender for storing

374
00:09:18,370 --> 00:09:18,380
heat the leading contender for storing
 

375
00:09:18,380 --> 00:09:21,280
heat the leading contender for storing
that energy that heat energy now is some

376
00:09:21,280 --> 00:09:21,290
that energy that heat energy now is some
 

377
00:09:21,290 --> 00:09:25,420
that energy that heat energy now is some
type of salt a phase change material

378
00:09:25,420 --> 00:09:25,430
type of salt a phase change material
 

379
00:09:25,430 --> 00:09:27,870
type of salt a phase change material
that converts from a solid to a liquid

380
00:09:27,870 --> 00:09:27,880
that converts from a solid to a liquid
 

381
00:09:27,880 --> 00:09:31,570
that converts from a solid to a liquid
and by virtue of doing that is able to

382
00:09:31,570 --> 00:09:31,580
and by virtue of doing that is able to
 

383
00:09:31,580 --> 00:09:33,390
and by virtue of doing that is able to
store much greater amounts of energy

384
00:09:33,390 --> 00:09:33,400
store much greater amounts of energy
 

385
00:09:33,400 --> 00:09:37,120
store much greater amounts of energy
these salts or phase change materials

386
00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:37,130
these salts or phase change materials
 

387
00:09:37,130 --> 00:09:39,970
these salts or phase change materials
are not like common table salt the

388
00:09:39,970 --> 00:09:39,980
are not like common table salt the
 

389
00:09:39,980 --> 00:09:42,040
are not like common table salt the
special salts melt at a very high

390
00:09:42,040 --> 00:09:42,050
special salts melt at a very high
 

391
00:09:42,050 --> 00:09:44,590
special salts melt at a very high
temperature when space station passes

392
00:09:44,590 --> 00:09:44,600
temperature when space station passes
 

393
00:09:44,600 --> 00:09:46,960
temperature when space station passes
into the Earth's shadow sunlight will no

394
00:09:46,960 --> 00:09:46,970
into the Earth's shadow sunlight will no
 

395
00:09:46,970 --> 00:09:48,760
into the Earth's shadow sunlight will no
longer be focused on to the receiving

396
00:09:48,760 --> 00:09:48,770
longer be focused on to the receiving
 

397
00:09:48,770 --> 00:09:51,460
longer be focused on to the receiving
cavity of the solar mirror the salts

398
00:09:51,460 --> 00:09:51,470
cavity of the solar mirror the salts
 

399
00:09:51,470 --> 00:09:53,770
cavity of the solar mirror the salts
will slowly cool and change from a

400
00:09:53,770 --> 00:09:53,780
will slowly cool and change from a
 

401
00:09:53,780 --> 00:09:56,110
will slowly cool and change from a
liquid to a solid giving off large

402
00:09:56,110 --> 00:09:56,120
liquid to a solid giving off large
 

403
00:09:56,120 --> 00:10:00,030
liquid to a solid giving off large
amounts of heat to drive generators

404
00:10:00,030 --> 00:10:00,040

 

405
00:10:00,040 --> 00:10:02,710

space station power systems will make a

406
00:10:02,710 --> 00:10:02,720
space station power systems will make a
 

407
00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:05,920
space station power systems will make a
lot of electricity initially more than

408
00:10:05,920 --> 00:10:05,930
lot of electricity initially more than
 

409
00:10:05,930 --> 00:10:09,940
lot of electricity initially more than
75 kilowatts and more later how will all

410
00:10:09,940 --> 00:10:09,950
75 kilowatts and more later how will all
 

411
00:10:09,950 --> 00:10:12,640
75 kilowatts and more later how will all
this electricity be used probably the

412
00:10:12,640 --> 00:10:12,650
this electricity be used probably the
 

413
00:10:12,650 --> 00:10:14,950
this electricity be used probably the
users will be the largest consumers of

414
00:10:14,950 --> 00:10:14,960
users will be the largest consumers of
 

415
00:10:14,960 --> 00:10:17,230
users will be the largest consumers of
power there is a class of experiments

416
00:10:17,230 --> 00:10:17,240
power there is a class of experiments
 

417
00:10:17,240 --> 00:10:20,260
power there is a class of experiments
called materials processing that are

418
00:10:20,260 --> 00:10:20,270
called materials processing that are
 

419
00:10:20,270 --> 00:10:22,780
called materials processing that are
estimating their needs and the tens of

420
00:10:22,780 --> 00:10:22,790
estimating their needs and the tens of
 

421
00:10:22,790 --> 00:10:26,110
estimating their needs and the tens of
kilowatts by far in a way that will be

422
00:10:26,110 --> 00:10:26,120
kilowatts by far in a way that will be
 

423
00:10:26,120 --> 00:10:29,200
kilowatts by far in a way that will be
the single largest user of power

424
00:10:29,200 --> 00:10:29,210
the single largest user of power
 

425
00:10:29,210 --> 00:10:32,680
the single largest user of power
we also lump power into another category

426
00:10:32,680 --> 00:10:32,690
we also lump power into another category
 

427
00:10:32,690 --> 00:10:36,580
we also lump power into another category
called housekeeping by this we mean

428
00:10:36,580 --> 00:10:36,590
called housekeeping by this we mean
 

429
00:10:36,590 --> 00:10:38,890
called housekeeping by this we mean
electrical energy required to operate

430
00:10:38,890 --> 00:10:38,900
electrical energy required to operate
 

431
00:10:38,900 --> 00:10:41,110
electrical energy required to operate
the environmental control and life

432
00:10:41,110 --> 00:10:41,120
the environmental control and life
 

433
00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:43,330
the environmental control and life
support system for regenerating the air

434
00:10:43,330 --> 00:10:43,340
support system for regenerating the air
 

435
00:10:43,340 --> 00:10:45,210
support system for regenerating the air
and water on board the space station

436
00:10:45,210 --> 00:10:45,220
and water on board the space station
 

437
00:10:45,220 --> 00:10:48,990
and water on board the space station
housekeeping also includes lights

438
00:10:48,990 --> 00:10:49,000
housekeeping also includes lights
 

439
00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:52,800
housekeeping also includes lights
preparing food in the galley

440
00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:52,810
preparing food in the galley
 

441
00:10:52,810 --> 00:10:54,840
preparing food in the galley
entertainment devices and so forth

442
00:10:54,840 --> 00:10:54,850
entertainment devices and so forth
 

443
00:10:54,850 --> 00:10:57,100
entertainment devices and so forth
personal care devices that the

444
00:10:57,100 --> 00:10:57,110
personal care devices that the
 

445
00:10:57,110 --> 00:11:00,670
personal care devices that the
astronauts might use and communications

446
00:11:00,670 --> 00:11:00,680
astronauts might use and communications
 

447
00:11:00,680 --> 00:11:03,400
astronauts might use and communications
and computer systems all of that we lump

448
00:11:03,400 --> 00:11:03,410
and computer systems all of that we lump
 

449
00:11:03,410 --> 00:11:06,750
and computer systems all of that we lump
into housekeeping power and it will be

450
00:11:06,750 --> 00:11:06,760
into housekeeping power and it will be
 

451
00:11:06,760 --> 00:11:09,550
into housekeeping power and it will be
not as large a user of electrical energy

452
00:11:09,550 --> 00:11:09,560
not as large a user of electrical energy
 

453
00:11:09,560 --> 00:11:11,980
not as large a user of electrical energy
but it since we lump so much into that

454
00:11:11,980 --> 00:11:11,990
but it since we lump so much into that
 

455
00:11:11,990 --> 00:11:14,020
but it since we lump so much into that
single category it looks like a big

456
00:11:14,020 --> 00:11:14,030
single category it looks like a big
 

457
00:11:14,030 --> 00:11:16,630
single category it looks like a big
number the shuttle will first launch

458
00:11:16,630 --> 00:11:16,640
number the shuttle will first launch
 

459
00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:18,160
number the shuttle will first launch
space station elements

460
00:11:18,160 --> 00:11:18,170
space station elements
 

461
00:11:18,170 --> 00:11:21,460
space station elements
the mid-1990s shuttle will be used in

462
00:11:21,460 --> 00:11:21,470
the mid-1990s shuttle will be used in
 

463
00:11:21,470 --> 00:11:23,110
the mid-1990s shuttle will be used in
the assembly and check out of the

464
00:11:23,110 --> 00:11:23,120
the assembly and check out of the
 

465
00:11:23,120 --> 00:11:25,750
the assembly and check out of the
station a number of launches will be

466
00:11:25,750 --> 00:11:25,760
station a number of launches will be
 

467
00:11:25,760 --> 00:11:27,819
station a number of launches will be
needed and there will be various phases

468
00:11:27,819 --> 00:11:27,829
needed and there will be various phases
 

469
00:11:27,829 --> 00:11:29,920
needed and there will be various phases
of capability that the station will go

470
00:11:29,920 --> 00:11:29,930
of capability that the station will go
 

471
00:11:29,930 --> 00:11:32,440
of capability that the station will go
through it will be unmanned at first

472
00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:32,450
through it will be unmanned at first
 

473
00:11:32,450 --> 00:11:35,439
through it will be unmanned at first
then mant ended within a year and a half

474
00:11:35,439 --> 00:11:35,449
then mant ended within a year and a half
 

475
00:11:35,449 --> 00:11:37,810
then mant ended within a year and a half
beyond that the station is to be

476
00:11:37,810 --> 00:11:37,820
beyond that the station is to be
 

477
00:11:37,820 --> 00:11:43,090
beyond that the station is to be
permanently manned the ultimate benefit

478
00:11:43,090 --> 00:11:43,100
permanently manned the ultimate benefit
 

479
00:11:43,100 --> 00:11:45,160
permanently manned the ultimate benefit
of space station to mankind will be to

480
00:11:45,160 --> 00:11:45,170
of space station to mankind will be to
 

481
00:11:45,170 --> 00:11:47,680
of space station to mankind will be to
extend man's capability to explore the

482
00:11:47,680 --> 00:11:47,690
extend man's capability to explore the
 

483
00:11:47,690 --> 00:11:49,960
extend man's capability to explore the
solar system space station will provide

484
00:11:49,960 --> 00:11:49,970
solar system space station will provide
 

485
00:11:49,970 --> 00:11:52,420
solar system space station will provide
the necessary first step for future

486
00:11:52,420 --> 00:11:52,430
the necessary first step for future
 

487
00:11:52,430 --> 00:11:55,810
the necessary first step for future
manned missions in space a permanent

488
00:11:55,810 --> 00:11:55,820
manned missions in space a permanent
 

489
00:11:55,820 --> 00:12:01,050
manned missions in space a permanent
lunar base a manned mission to Mars a

490
00:12:01,050 --> 00:12:01,060
lunar base a manned mission to Mars a
 

491
00:12:01,060 --> 00:12:06,069
lunar base a manned mission to Mars a
manned survey of the asteroids space

492
00:12:06,069 --> 00:12:06,079
manned survey of the asteroids space
 

493
00:12:06,079 --> 00:12:07,720
manned survey of the asteroids space
station will enable the staging of

494
00:12:07,720 --> 00:12:07,730
station will enable the staging of
 

495
00:12:07,730 --> 00:12:09,550
station will enable the staging of
future unmanned missions to the planets

496
00:12:09,550 --> 00:12:09,560
future unmanned missions to the planets
 

497
00:12:09,560 --> 00:12:12,900
future unmanned missions to the planets
with the possibility of sample returns

498
00:12:12,900 --> 00:12:12,910
with the possibility of sample returns
 

499
00:12:12,910 --> 00:12:16,449
with the possibility of sample returns
but most importantly Space Station will

500
00:12:16,449 --> 00:12:16,459
but most importantly Space Station will
 

501
00:12:16,459 --> 00:12:23,710
but most importantly Space Station will
be the next logical step

502
00:12:23,710 --> 00:12:23,720

 

503
00:12:23,720 --> 00:12:25,780

now let's turn from the space station to

504
00:12:25,780 --> 00:12:25,790
now let's turn from the space station to
 

505
00:12:25,790 --> 00:12:27,640
now let's turn from the space station to
a story about how propellers may again

506
00:12:27,640 --> 00:12:27,650
a story about how propellers may again
 

507
00:12:27,650 --> 00:12:30,190
a story about how propellers may again
be back on passenger planes in the late

508
00:12:30,190 --> 00:12:30,200
be back on passenger planes in the late
 

509
00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:32,650
be back on passenger planes in the late
1950s jet aircraft entered into

510
00:12:32,650 --> 00:12:32,660
1950s jet aircraft entered into
 

511
00:12:32,660 --> 00:12:34,090
1950s jet aircraft entered into
commercial service and essentially

512
00:12:34,090 --> 00:12:34,100
commercial service and essentially
 

513
00:12:34,100 --> 00:12:35,800
commercial service and essentially
replaced the slower but more efficient

514
00:12:35,800 --> 00:12:35,810
replaced the slower but more efficient
 

515
00:12:35,810 --> 00:12:38,200
replaced the slower but more efficient
propeller driven aircraft then in the

516
00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:38,210
propeller driven aircraft then in the
 

517
00:12:38,210 --> 00:12:41,890
propeller driven aircraft then in the
late 1973 the oil embargo hit NASA was

518
00:12:41,890 --> 00:12:41,900
late 1973 the oil embargo hit NASA was
 

519
00:12:41,900 --> 00:12:43,840
late 1973 the oil embargo hit NASA was
mandated to explore all technologies

520
00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:43,850
mandated to explore all technologies
 

521
00:12:43,850 --> 00:12:45,160
mandated to explore all technologies
that could significantly reduce

522
00:12:45,160 --> 00:12:45,170
that could significantly reduce
 

523
00:12:45,170 --> 00:12:48,010
that could significantly reduce
commercial aircraft fuel consumption the

524
00:12:48,010 --> 00:12:48,020
commercial aircraft fuel consumption the
 

525
00:12:48,020 --> 00:12:49,780
commercial aircraft fuel consumption the
Lewis Research Center responded with the

526
00:12:49,780 --> 00:12:49,790
Lewis Research Center responded with the
 

527
00:12:49,790 --> 00:12:57,100
Lewis Research Center responded with the
advanced turboprop program what might

528
00:12:57,100 --> 00:12:57,110
advanced turboprop program what might
 

529
00:12:57,110 --> 00:12:59,770
advanced turboprop program what might
look like a step backwards is actually

530
00:12:59,770 --> 00:12:59,780
look like a step backwards is actually
 

531
00:12:59,780 --> 00:13:03,280
look like a step backwards is actually
two giant steps forward on the future

532
00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:03,290
two giant steps forward on the future
 

533
00:13:03,290 --> 00:13:10,330
two giant steps forward on the future
path of advanced aircraft engine

534
00:13:10,330 --> 00:13:10,340

 

535
00:13:10,340 --> 00:13:14,260

since 1941 the Lewis Research Center has

536
00:13:14,260 --> 00:13:14,270
since 1941 the Lewis Research Center has
 

537
00:13:14,270 --> 00:13:15,970
since 1941 the Lewis Research Center has
developed an international reputation

538
00:13:15,970 --> 00:13:15,980
developed an international reputation
 

539
00:13:15,980 --> 00:13:18,280
developed an international reputation
for its research on jet propulsion

540
00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:18,290
for its research on jet propulsion
 

541
00:13:18,290 --> 00:13:23,019
for its research on jet propulsion
systems however in 1977 the researchers

542
00:13:23,019 --> 00:13:23,029
systems however in 1977 the researchers
 

543
00:13:23,029 --> 00:13:25,450
systems however in 1977 the researchers
at Louis began to take a new look at the

544
00:13:25,450 --> 00:13:25,460
at Louis began to take a new look at the
 

545
00:13:25,460 --> 00:13:28,210
at Louis began to take a new look at the
propeller their challenge was to combine

546
00:13:28,210 --> 00:13:28,220
propeller their challenge was to combine
 

547
00:13:28,220 --> 00:13:30,579
propeller their challenge was to combine
the efficiency of the propeller with the

548
00:13:30,579 --> 00:13:30,589
the efficiency of the propeller with the
 

549
00:13:30,589 --> 00:13:33,100
the efficiency of the propeller with the
power of the turbine engine what has

550
00:13:33,100 --> 00:13:33,110
power of the turbine engine what has
 

551
00:13:33,110 --> 00:13:36,850
power of the turbine engine what has
evolved is ATP the advanced turboprop

552
00:13:36,850 --> 00:13:36,860
evolved is ATP the advanced turboprop
 

553
00:13:36,860 --> 00:13:40,510
evolved is ATP the advanced turboprop
project Keith severs manager of the NASA

554
00:13:40,510 --> 00:13:40,520
project Keith severs manager of the NASA
 

555
00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:43,150
project Keith severs manager of the NASA
advanced turboprop project office at the

556
00:13:43,150 --> 00:13:43,160
advanced turboprop project office at the
 

557
00:13:43,160 --> 00:13:45,640
advanced turboprop project office at the
Lewis Research Center back after World

558
00:13:45,640 --> 00:13:45,650
Lewis Research Center back after World
 

559
00:13:45,650 --> 00:13:48,760
Lewis Research Center back after World
War two jets for the thing the coming

560
00:13:48,760 --> 00:13:48,770
War two jets for the thing the coming
 

561
00:13:48,770 --> 00:13:50,980
War two jets for the thing the coming
thing her powers were very efficient in

562
00:13:50,980 --> 00:13:50,990
thing her powers were very efficient in
 

563
00:13:50,990 --> 00:13:53,590
thing her powers were very efficient in
those days but they couldn't go fast it

564
00:13:53,590 --> 00:13:53,600
those days but they couldn't go fast it
 

565
00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:56,590
those days but they couldn't go fast it
couldn't go to high altitudes and quite

566
00:13:56,590 --> 00:13:56,600
couldn't go to high altitudes and quite
 

567
00:13:56,600 --> 00:13:59,200
couldn't go to high altitudes and quite
frankly they were not jazzy like jet

568
00:13:59,200 --> 00:13:59,210
frankly they were not jazzy like jet
 

569
00:13:59,210 --> 00:14:01,120
frankly they were not jazzy like jet
engines and which gave way then to

570
00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:01,130
engines and which gave way then to
 

571
00:14:01,130 --> 00:14:03,190
engines and which gave way then to
turbofan engines and high bypass ratio

572
00:14:03,190 --> 00:14:03,200
turbofan engines and high bypass ratio
 

573
00:14:03,200 --> 00:14:06,100
turbofan engines and high bypass ratio
engines and when fuel was chief people

574
00:14:06,100 --> 00:14:06,110
engines and when fuel was chief people
 

575
00:14:06,110 --> 00:14:08,050
engines and when fuel was chief people
didn't worry much about it ten cents a

576
00:14:08,050 --> 00:14:08,060
didn't worry much about it ten cents a
 

577
00:14:08,060 --> 00:14:10,660
didn't worry much about it ten cents a
gallon as long as they get speed high

578
00:14:10,660 --> 00:14:10,670
gallon as long as they get speed high
 

579
00:14:10,670 --> 00:14:13,060
gallon as long as they get speed high
altitude capability which the air

580
00:14:13,060 --> 00:14:13,070
altitude capability which the air
 

581
00:14:13,070 --> 00:14:15,520
altitude capability which the air
transport system required propellers

582
00:14:15,520 --> 00:14:15,530
transport system required propellers
 

583
00:14:15,530 --> 00:14:18,400
transport system required propellers
just kind of withered on the vine for 20

584
00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:18,410
just kind of withered on the vine for 20
 

585
00:14:18,410 --> 00:14:21,670
just kind of withered on the vine for 20
or 30 years the Arab oil embargo of the

586
00:14:21,670 --> 00:14:21,680
or 30 years the Arab oil embargo of the
 

587
00:14:21,680 --> 00:14:23,980
or 30 years the Arab oil embargo of the
early 70s not only hit American

588
00:14:23,980 --> 00:14:23,990
early 70s not only hit American
 

589
00:14:23,990 --> 00:14:26,470
early 70s not only hit American
consumers at the corner gas station but

590
00:14:26,470 --> 00:14:26,480
consumers at the corner gas station but
 

591
00:14:26,480 --> 00:14:28,780
consumers at the corner gas station but
was also reflected at the airline ticket

592
00:14:28,780 --> 00:14:28,790
was also reflected at the airline ticket
 

593
00:14:28,790 --> 00:14:31,180
was also reflected at the airline ticket
counter due to the soaring price of jet

594
00:14:31,180 --> 00:14:31,190
counter due to the soaring price of jet
 

595
00:14:31,190 --> 00:14:35,710
counter due to the soaring price of jet
fuel in 1973 the price of a gallon of

596
00:14:35,710 --> 00:14:35,720
fuel in 1973 the price of a gallon of
 

597
00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:38,530
fuel in 1973 the price of a gallon of
jet fuel was 12 cents and represented

598
00:14:38,530 --> 00:14:38,540
jet fuel was 12 cents and represented
 

599
00:14:38,540 --> 00:14:40,750
jet fuel was 12 cents and represented
one-quarter of the direct operating cost

600
00:14:40,750 --> 00:14:40,760
one-quarter of the direct operating cost
 

601
00:14:40,760 --> 00:14:44,470
one-quarter of the direct operating cost
of the jet in 1981 the cost of jet fuel

602
00:14:44,470 --> 00:14:44,480
of the jet in 1981 the cost of jet fuel
 

603
00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:46,980
of the jet in 1981 the cost of jet fuel
was over a dollar eight cents a gallon

604
00:14:46,980 --> 00:14:46,990
was over a dollar eight cents a gallon
 

605
00:14:46,990 --> 00:14:50,350
was over a dollar eight cents a gallon
with the rising fuel prices a fuel

606
00:14:50,350 --> 00:14:50,360
with the rising fuel prices a fuel
 

607
00:14:50,360 --> 00:14:52,750
with the rising fuel prices a fuel
efficient propeller engine again became

608
00:14:52,750 --> 00:14:52,760
efficient propeller engine again became
 

609
00:14:52,760 --> 00:14:55,090
efficient propeller engine again became
the object of an aeronautical propulsion

610
00:14:55,090 --> 00:14:55,100
the object of an aeronautical propulsion
 

611
00:14:55,100 --> 00:14:56,140
the object of an aeronautical propulsion
research effort

612
00:14:56,140 --> 00:14:56,150
research effort
 

613
00:14:56,150 --> 00:14:59,020
research effort
the researchers objectives were to

614
00:14:59,020 --> 00:14:59,030
the researchers objectives were to
 

615
00:14:59,030 --> 00:15:02,380
the researchers objectives were to
develop a powerplant that would be fuel

616
00:15:02,380 --> 00:15:02,390
develop a powerplant that would be fuel
 

617
00:15:02,390 --> 00:15:07,980
develop a powerplant that would be fuel
efficient dew point eight mach cruise at

618
00:15:07,980 --> 00:15:07,990
efficient dew point eight mach cruise at
 

619
00:15:07,990 --> 00:15:12,519
efficient dew point eight mach cruise at
35,000 feet operate at a reduced noise

620
00:15:12,519 --> 00:15:12,529
35,000 feet operate at a reduced noise
 

621
00:15:12,529 --> 00:15:14,860
35,000 feet operate at a reduced noise
level well these propellers look a lot

622
00:15:14,860 --> 00:15:14,870
level well these propellers look a lot
 

623
00:15:14,870 --> 00:15:16,390
level well these propellers look a lot
different there are very highly swept

624
00:15:16,390 --> 00:15:16,400
different there are very highly swept
 

625
00:15:16,400 --> 00:15:17,860
different there are very highly swept
they're very thin compared to old

626
00:15:17,860 --> 00:15:17,870
they're very thin compared to old
 

627
00:15:17,870 --> 00:15:18,920
they're very thin compared to old
propellers

628
00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:18,930
propellers
 

629
00:15:18,930 --> 00:15:20,210
propellers
and the thing that hits you first is

630
00:15:20,210 --> 00:15:20,220
and the thing that hits you first is
 

631
00:15:20,220 --> 00:15:23,600
and the thing that hits you first is
their eight to ten blades on these would

632
00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:23,610
their eight to ten blades on these would
 

633
00:15:23,610 --> 00:15:25,460
their eight to ten blades on these would
rather than three or four is that you've

634
00:15:25,460 --> 00:15:25,470
rather than three or four is that you've
 

635
00:15:25,470 --> 00:15:28,310
rather than three or four is that you've
been accustomed to in the past and what

636
00:15:28,310 --> 00:15:28,320
been accustomed to in the past and what
 

637
00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:30,350
been accustomed to in the past and what
the sweep doesn't in the propeller and a

638
00:15:30,350 --> 00:15:30,360
the sweep doesn't in the propeller and a
 

639
00:15:30,360 --> 00:15:32,840
the sweep doesn't in the propeller and a
fitness is is to reduce the drag losses

640
00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:32,850
fitness is is to reduce the drag losses
 

641
00:15:32,850 --> 00:15:34,700
fitness is is to reduce the drag losses
at the higher tip speeds and higher Mach

642
00:15:34,700 --> 00:15:34,710
at the higher tip speeds and higher Mach
 

643
00:15:34,710 --> 00:15:37,040
at the higher tip speeds and higher Mach
numbers also helps to reduce the source

644
00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:37,050
numbers also helps to reduce the source
 

645
00:15:37,050 --> 00:15:40,220
numbers also helps to reduce the source
noise of the propellers the higher

646
00:15:40,220 --> 00:15:40,230
noise of the propellers the higher
 

647
00:15:40,230 --> 00:15:41,870
noise of the propellers the higher
blade count and we've loaded these

648
00:15:41,870 --> 00:15:41,880
blade count and we've loaded these
 

649
00:15:41,880 --> 00:15:43,910
blade count and we've loaded these
blades up much higher than old fellers

650
00:15:43,910 --> 00:15:43,920
blades up much higher than old fellers
 

651
00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:46,100
blades up much higher than old fellers
so we get a lot more power at a lot

652
00:15:46,100 --> 00:15:46,110
so we get a lot more power at a lot
 

653
00:15:46,110 --> 00:15:48,829
so we get a lot more power at a lot
smaller diameter and this saves weight

654
00:15:48,829 --> 00:15:48,839
smaller diameter and this saves weight
 

655
00:15:48,839 --> 00:15:50,540
smaller diameter and this saves weight
on the propeller and I say it's weight

656
00:15:50,540 --> 00:15:50,550
on the propeller and I say it's weight
 

657
00:15:50,550 --> 00:15:53,090
on the propeller and I say it's weight
on the engine and it also packages

658
00:15:53,090 --> 00:15:53,100
on the engine and it also packages
 

659
00:15:53,100 --> 00:15:55,760
on the engine and it also packages
better on the aircraft earlier two turbo

660
00:15:55,760 --> 00:15:55,770
better on the aircraft earlier two turbo
 

661
00:15:55,770 --> 00:15:58,519
better on the aircraft earlier two turbo
props were limited both in horsepower

662
00:15:58,519 --> 00:15:58,529
props were limited both in horsepower
 

663
00:15:58,529 --> 00:16:03,170
props were limited both in horsepower
and in flight speed mainly because of

664
00:16:03,170 --> 00:16:03,180
and in flight speed mainly because of
 

665
00:16:03,180 --> 00:16:05,990
and in flight speed mainly because of
the compressibility effects that occur

666
00:16:05,990 --> 00:16:06,000
the compressibility effects that occur
 

667
00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:11,720
the compressibility effects that occur
at the propeller tips with the recent

668
00:16:11,720 --> 00:16:11,730
at the propeller tips with the recent
 

669
00:16:11,730 --> 00:16:14,269
at the propeller tips with the recent
advances in computer design technology

670
00:16:14,269 --> 00:16:14,279
advances in computer design technology
 

671
00:16:14,279 --> 00:16:16,790
advances in computer design technology
we are now able to optimize the blade

672
00:16:16,790 --> 00:16:16,800
we are now able to optimize the blade
 

673
00:16:16,800 --> 00:16:19,790
we are now able to optimize the blade
shape to minimize the compressibility

674
00:16:19,790 --> 00:16:19,800
shape to minimize the compressibility
 

675
00:16:19,800 --> 00:16:22,100
shape to minimize the compressibility
effects occurring at the blade tips

676
00:16:22,100 --> 00:16:22,110
effects occurring at the blade tips
 

677
00:16:22,110 --> 00:16:25,519
effects occurring at the blade tips
allowing the planes to fly faster up to

678
00:16:25,519 --> 00:16:25,529
allowing the planes to fly faster up to
 

679
00:16:25,529 --> 00:16:28,670
allowing the planes to fly faster up to
six hundred miles an hour and at higher

680
00:16:28,670 --> 00:16:28,680
six hundred miles an hour and at higher
 

681
00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:30,920
six hundred miles an hour and at higher
altitudes up to thirty five thousand

682
00:16:30,920 --> 00:16:30,930
altitudes up to thirty five thousand
 

683
00:16:30,930 --> 00:16:34,690
altitudes up to thirty five thousand
feet as you approach the speed of sound

684
00:16:34,690 --> 00:16:34,700
feet as you approach the speed of sound
 

685
00:16:34,700 --> 00:16:37,730
feet as you approach the speed of sound
you run into a problem where the

686
00:16:37,730 --> 00:16:37,740
you run into a problem where the
 

687
00:16:37,740 --> 00:16:40,519
you run into a problem where the
apparent pressure that you're trying to

688
00:16:40,519 --> 00:16:40,529
apparent pressure that you're trying to
 

689
00:16:40,529 --> 00:16:43,100
apparent pressure that you're trying to
push through suddenly takes a quantum

690
00:16:43,100 --> 00:16:43,110
push through suddenly takes a quantum
 

691
00:16:43,110 --> 00:16:47,870
push through suddenly takes a quantum
leap and because the blades are very

692
00:16:47,870 --> 00:16:47,880
leap and because the blades are very
 

693
00:16:47,880 --> 00:16:50,240
leap and because the blades are very
large in diameter to thirteen feet in

694
00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:50,250
large in diameter to thirteen feet in
 

695
00:16:50,250 --> 00:16:56,329
large in diameter to thirteen feet in
diameter the tip speed is upwards of 800

696
00:16:56,329 --> 00:16:56,339
diameter the tip speed is upwards of 800
 

697
00:16:56,339 --> 00:17:00,560
diameter the tip speed is upwards of 800
feet per second which is just under Mach

698
00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:00,570
feet per second which is just under Mach
 

699
00:17:00,570 --> 00:17:04,010
feet per second which is just under Mach
1 or the speed of sound as you try to

700
00:17:04,010 --> 00:17:04,020
1 or the speed of sound as you try to
 

701
00:17:04,020 --> 00:17:08,240
1 or the speed of sound as you try to
push through that Mach 1 range you run

702
00:17:08,240 --> 00:17:08,250
push through that Mach 1 range you run
 

703
00:17:08,250 --> 00:17:10,250
push through that Mach 1 range you run
into this compressibility factor it's

704
00:17:10,250 --> 00:17:10,260
into this compressibility factor it's
 

705
00:17:10,260 --> 00:17:11,870
into this compressibility factor it's
almost like running into a brick wall

706
00:17:11,870 --> 00:17:11,880
almost like running into a brick wall
 

707
00:17:11,880 --> 00:17:14,840
almost like running into a brick wall
with the blade blade construction is now

708
00:17:14,840 --> 00:17:14,850
with the blade blade construction is now
 

709
00:17:14,850 --> 00:17:17,000
with the blade blade construction is now
a composite type arrangement where you

710
00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:17,010
a composite type arrangement where you
 

711
00:17:17,010 --> 00:17:19,400
a composite type arrangement where you
have a metallic leading edge such as

712
00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:19,410
have a metallic leading edge such as
 

713
00:17:19,410 --> 00:17:22,280
have a metallic leading edge such as
aluminum and a graphite epoxy resign'd

714
00:17:22,280 --> 00:17:22,290
aluminum and a graphite epoxy resign'd
 

715
00:17:22,290 --> 00:17:24,559
aluminum and a graphite epoxy resign'd
internal construction that allows the

716
00:17:24,559 --> 00:17:24,569
internal construction that allows the
 

717
00:17:24,569 --> 00:17:26,240
internal construction that allows the
blades to be very lightweight and

718
00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:26,250
blades to be very lightweight and
 

719
00:17:26,250 --> 00:17:29,150
blades to be very lightweight and
because they're lighter weight minimizes

720
00:17:29,150 --> 00:17:29,160
because they're lighter weight minimizes
 

721
00:17:29,160 --> 00:17:31,220
because they're lighter weight minimizes
the centrifugal stresses that occur when

722
00:17:31,220 --> 00:17:31,230
the centrifugal stresses that occur when
 

723
00:17:31,230 --> 00:17:32,570
the centrifugal stresses that occur when
the propeller system is

724
00:17:32,570 --> 00:17:32,580
the propeller system is
 

725
00:17:32,580 --> 00:17:35,330
the propeller system is
dated at 12,000 rpm ultimate goal is to

726
00:17:35,330 --> 00:17:35,340
dated at 12,000 rpm ultimate goal is to
 

727
00:17:35,340 --> 00:17:38,690
dated at 12,000 rpm ultimate goal is to
save fuel commercial aircraft and also

728
00:17:38,690 --> 00:17:38,700
save fuel commercial aircraft and also
 

729
00:17:38,700 --> 00:17:41,180
save fuel commercial aircraft and also
military aircraft were it can be applied

730
00:17:41,180 --> 00:17:41,190
military aircraft were it can be applied
 

731
00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:43,759
military aircraft were it can be applied
and this fuel saving is very dramatic

732
00:17:43,759 --> 00:17:43,769
and this fuel saving is very dramatic
 

733
00:17:43,769 --> 00:17:46,430
and this fuel saving is very dramatic
compared to the fuel burn that aircraft

734
00:17:46,430 --> 00:17:46,440
compared to the fuel burn that aircraft
 

735
00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:50,779
compared to the fuel burn that aircraft
have today such as a 727 737 that type

736
00:17:50,779 --> 00:17:50,789
have today such as a 727 737 that type
 

737
00:17:50,789 --> 00:17:54,200
have today such as a 727 737 that type
of air cream aircraft a prop van driven

738
00:17:54,200 --> 00:17:54,210
of air cream aircraft a prop van driven
 

739
00:17:54,210 --> 00:17:56,029
of air cream aircraft a prop van driven
airplane can do the same mission that

740
00:17:56,029 --> 00:17:56,039
airplane can do the same mission that
 

741
00:17:56,039 --> 00:17:59,060
airplane can do the same mission that
like forty to fifty percent of the fuel

742
00:17:59,060 --> 00:17:59,070
like forty to fifty percent of the fuel
 

743
00:17:59,070 --> 00:18:01,850
like forty to fifty percent of the fuel
that they use today if you look at just

744
00:18:01,850 --> 00:18:01,860
that they use today if you look at just
 

745
00:18:01,860 --> 00:18:05,840
that they use today if you look at just
the u.s. fleet existing today for medium

746
00:18:05,840 --> 00:18:05,850
the u.s. fleet existing today for medium
 

747
00:18:05,850 --> 00:18:08,769
the u.s. fleet existing today for medium
to short range aircraft I'm talking 727

748
00:18:08,769 --> 00:18:08,779
to short range aircraft I'm talking 727
 

749
00:18:08,779 --> 00:18:13,190
to short range aircraft I'm talking 727
737s dc9 md-80s those aircraft in a

750
00:18:13,190 --> 00:18:13,200
737s dc9 md-80s those aircraft in a
 

751
00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:15,230
737s dc9 md-80s those aircraft in a
typical year burn about five billion

752
00:18:15,230 --> 00:18:15,240
typical year burn about five billion
 

753
00:18:15,240 --> 00:18:18,649
typical year burn about five billion
gallons of fuel if these aircraft were

754
00:18:18,649 --> 00:18:18,659
gallons of fuel if these aircraft were
 

755
00:18:18,659 --> 00:18:21,799
gallons of fuel if these aircraft were
equipped with pop fans they could do the

756
00:18:21,799 --> 00:18:21,809
equipped with pop fans they could do the
 

757
00:18:21,809 --> 00:18:23,210
equipped with pop fans they could do the
same mission they're dirty today and

758
00:18:23,210 --> 00:18:23,220
same mission they're dirty today and
 

759
00:18:23,220 --> 00:18:25,279
same mission they're dirty today and
save two to two and a half billion

760
00:18:25,279 --> 00:18:25,289
save two to two and a half billion
 

761
00:18:25,289 --> 00:18:37,419
save two to two and a half billion
gallons of fuel per year

762
00:18:37,419 --> 00:18:37,429

 

763
00:18:37,429 --> 00:18:39,500

propeller-driven airplanes have

764
00:18:39,500 --> 00:18:39,510
propeller-driven airplanes have
 

765
00:18:39,510 --> 00:18:41,750
propeller-driven airplanes have
traditionally been noisy advanced

766
00:18:41,750 --> 00:18:41,760
traditionally been noisy advanced
 

767
00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:44,270
traditionally been noisy advanced
turboprop researchers are tackling the

768
00:18:44,270 --> 00:18:44,280
turboprop researchers are tackling the
 

769
00:18:44,280 --> 00:18:46,039
turboprop researchers are tackling the
problem of trying to build a turboprop

770
00:18:46,039 --> 00:18:46,049
problem of trying to build a turboprop
 

771
00:18:46,049 --> 00:18:48,620
problem of trying to build a turboprop
to rival the relative quiet and

772
00:18:48,620 --> 00:18:48,630
to rival the relative quiet and
 

773
00:18:48,630 --> 00:18:51,770
to rival the relative quiet and
smoothness of the jet well we've had to

774
00:18:51,770 --> 00:18:51,780
smoothness of the jet well we've had to
 

775
00:18:51,780 --> 00:18:53,780
smoothness of the jet well we've had to
look at the entire aircraft as a system

776
00:18:53,780 --> 00:18:53,790
look at the entire aircraft as a system
 

777
00:18:53,790 --> 00:18:55,490
look at the entire aircraft as a system
we didn't look just at sticking a new

778
00:18:55,490 --> 00:18:55,500
we didn't look just at sticking a new
 

779
00:18:55,500 --> 00:18:58,039
we didn't look just at sticking a new
widget call of profiting on them better

780
00:18:58,039 --> 00:18:58,049
widget call of profiting on them better
 

781
00:18:58,049 --> 00:18:59,840
widget call of profiting on them better
look at what to do to do to the rest of

782
00:18:59,840 --> 00:18:59,850
look at what to do to do to the rest of
 

783
00:18:59,850 --> 00:19:01,820
look at what to do to do to the rest of
the aircraft and particularly we're

784
00:19:01,820 --> 00:19:01,830
the aircraft and particularly we're
 

785
00:19:01,830 --> 00:19:04,070
the aircraft and particularly we're
concern about passenger comfort it

786
00:19:04,070 --> 00:19:04,080
concern about passenger comfort it
 

787
00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:05,840
concern about passenger comfort it
doesn't matter how much fuel was saved

788
00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:05,850
doesn't matter how much fuel was saved
 

789
00:19:05,850 --> 00:19:08,390
doesn't matter how much fuel was saved
if the people don't like it or they're

790
00:19:08,390 --> 00:19:08,400
if the people don't like it or they're
 

791
00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:14,450
if the people don't like it or they're
uncomfortable sound vibration so part of

792
00:19:14,450 --> 00:19:14,460
uncomfortable sound vibration so part of
 

793
00:19:14,460 --> 00:19:17,150
uncomfortable sound vibration so part of
our project goal is to to make sure that

794
00:19:17,150 --> 00:19:17,160
our project goal is to to make sure that
 

795
00:19:17,160 --> 00:19:18,650
our project goal is to to make sure that
people have the same comfort that

796
00:19:18,650 --> 00:19:18,660
people have the same comfort that
 

797
00:19:18,660 --> 00:19:20,150
people have the same comfort that
they're used to on today's wide-body

798
00:19:20,150 --> 00:19:20,160
they're used to on today's wide-body
 

799
00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:23,419
they're used to on today's wide-body
aircraft in addition we're concerned

800
00:19:23,419 --> 00:19:23,429
aircraft in addition we're concerned
 

801
00:19:23,429 --> 00:19:25,100
aircraft in addition we're concerned
about community noise these things are

802
00:19:25,100 --> 00:19:25,110
about community noise these things are
 

803
00:19:25,110 --> 00:19:26,480
about community noise these things are
allowed and we have to provide the

804
00:19:26,480 --> 00:19:26,490
allowed and we have to provide the
 

805
00:19:26,490 --> 00:19:28,530
allowed and we have to provide the
technology so we think it will

806
00:19:28,530 --> 00:19:28,540
technology so we think it will
 

807
00:19:28,540 --> 00:19:33,570
technology so we think it will
listing for 37 states we regulate

808
00:19:33,570 --> 00:19:33,580
listing for 37 states we regulate
 

809
00:19:33,580 --> 00:19:47,490

by around airports and communities

810
00:19:47,490 --> 00:19:47,500

 

811
00:19:47,500 --> 00:19:49,510

most of the time we really don't even

812
00:19:49,510 --> 00:19:49,520
most of the time we really don't even
 

813
00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:50,620
most of the time we really don't even
know what's running inside the cockpit

814
00:19:50,620 --> 00:19:50,630
know what's running inside the cockpit
 

815
00:19:50,630 --> 00:19:54,070
know what's running inside the cockpit
it's that quiet and we're only what 15

816
00:19:54,070 --> 00:19:54,080
it's that quiet and we're only what 15
 

817
00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:56,380
it's that quiet and we're only what 15
feet away from after several years of

818
00:19:56,380 --> 00:19:56,390
feet away from after several years of
 

819
00:19:56,390 --> 00:19:58,720
feet away from after several years of
wind tunnel and static engine testing a

820
00:19:58,720 --> 00:19:58,730
wind tunnel and static engine testing a
 

821
00:19:58,730 --> 00:20:00,880
wind tunnel and static engine testing a
full flight test of the advanced

822
00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:00,890
full flight test of the advanced
 

823
00:20:00,890 --> 00:20:04,630
full flight test of the advanced
propeller system was held on May 19 1987

824
00:20:04,630 --> 00:20:04,640
propeller system was held on May 19 1987
 

825
00:20:04,640 --> 00:20:07,659
propeller system was held on May 19 1987
at Lockheed Georgia company in Marietta

826
00:20:07,659 --> 00:20:07,669
at Lockheed Georgia company in Marietta
 

827
00:20:07,669 --> 00:20:10,419
at Lockheed Georgia company in Marietta
Georgia so far operation has been very

828
00:20:10,419 --> 00:20:10,429
Georgia so far operation has been very
 

829
00:20:10,429 --> 00:20:13,510
Georgia so far operation has been very
good everything is about as predicted

830
00:20:13,510 --> 00:20:13,520
good everything is about as predicted
 

831
00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:16,110
good everything is about as predicted
that the engineers had predicted

832
00:20:16,110 --> 00:20:16,120
that the engineers had predicted
 

833
00:20:16,120 --> 00:20:17,760
that the engineers had predicted
from their initial assessment of the

834
00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:17,770
from their initial assessment of the
 

835
00:20:17,770 --> 00:20:20,610
from their initial assessment of the
program we haven't really had any big

836
00:20:20,610 --> 00:20:20,620
program we haven't really had any big
 

837
00:20:20,620 --> 00:20:24,330
program we haven't really had any big
surprises I should say when you pull the

838
00:20:24,330 --> 00:20:24,340
surprises I should say when you pull the
 

839
00:20:24,340 --> 00:20:27,360
surprises I should say when you pull the
prop fan in and add power to it the

840
00:20:27,360 --> 00:20:27,370
prop fan in and add power to it the
 

841
00:20:27,370 --> 00:20:29,519
prop fan in and add power to it the
pilot really knows it but there again

842
00:20:29,519 --> 00:20:29,529
pilot really knows it but there again
 

843
00:20:29,529 --> 00:20:31,019
pilot really knows it but there again
this airplane wasn't really designed to

844
00:20:31,019 --> 00:20:31,029
this airplane wasn't really designed to
 

845
00:20:31,029 --> 00:20:32,940
this airplane wasn't really designed to
fly with an engine out on a on the left

846
00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:32,950
fly with an engine out on a on the left
 

847
00:20:32,950 --> 00:20:34,080
fly with an engine out on a on the left
wing

848
00:20:34,080 --> 00:20:34,090
wing
 

849
00:20:34,090 --> 00:20:37,169
wing
but again what our engineers predicted

850
00:20:37,169 --> 00:20:37,179
but again what our engineers predicted
 

851
00:20:37,179 --> 00:20:38,760
but again what our engineers predicted
is pretty much what's happening with the

852
00:20:38,760 --> 00:20:38,770
is pretty much what's happening with the
 

853
00:20:38,770 --> 00:20:40,860
is pretty much what's happening with the
airplane so I'd have to say so far it

854
00:20:40,860 --> 00:20:40,870
airplane so I'd have to say so far it
 

855
00:20:40,870 --> 00:20:42,960
airplane so I'd have to say so far it
looks good so far it looks very good if

856
00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:42,970
looks good so far it looks very good if
 

857
00:20:42,970 --> 00:20:45,810
looks good so far it looks very good if
all goes to plan prop fans will probably

858
00:20:45,810 --> 00:20:45,820
all goes to plan prop fans will probably
 

859
00:20:45,820 --> 00:20:48,180
all goes to plan prop fans will probably
be fitted on short to medium range

860
00:20:48,180 --> 00:20:48,190
be fitted on short to medium range
 

861
00:20:48,190 --> 00:20:51,810
be fitted on short to medium range
aircraft we hope to have as a part of

862
00:20:51,810 --> 00:20:51,820
aircraft we hope to have as a part of
 

863
00:20:51,820 --> 00:20:54,120
aircraft we hope to have as a part of
the project goal to have the technology

864
00:20:54,120 --> 00:20:54,130
the project goal to have the technology
 

865
00:20:54,130 --> 00:20:57,810
the project goal to have the technology
in hand by the end of 1980s so that

866
00:20:57,810 --> 00:20:57,820
in hand by the end of 1980s so that
 

867
00:20:57,820 --> 00:21:00,570
in hand by the end of 1980s so that
industry the engine people the aircraft

868
00:21:00,570 --> 00:21:00,580
industry the engine people the aircraft
 

869
00:21:00,580 --> 00:21:02,820
industry the engine people the aircraft
people can make marketing decisions

870
00:21:02,820 --> 00:21:02,830
people can make marketing decisions
 

871
00:21:02,830 --> 00:21:05,340
people can make marketing decisions
because it's a involves a lot of private

872
00:21:05,340 --> 00:21:05,350
because it's a involves a lot of private
 

873
00:21:05,350 --> 00:21:07,590
because it's a involves a lot of private
capital that's a make sure breaks

874
00:21:07,590 --> 00:21:07,600
capital that's a make sure breaks
 

875
00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:10,320
capital that's a make sure breaks
they're companies so the way things are

876
00:21:10,320 --> 00:21:10,330
they're companies so the way things are
 

877
00:21:10,330 --> 00:21:13,100
they're companies so the way things are
proceeding right now it looks like

878
00:21:13,100 --> 00:21:13,110
proceeding right now it looks like
 

879
00:21:13,110 --> 00:21:16,320
proceeding right now it looks like
Boeing and McDonnell Douglas are aiming

880
00:21:16,320 --> 00:21:16,330
Boeing and McDonnell Douglas are aiming
 

881
00:21:16,330 --> 00:21:18,120
Boeing and McDonnell Douglas are aiming
for new aircraft injuries or with the

882
00:21:18,120 --> 00:21:18,130
for new aircraft injuries or with the
 

883
00:21:18,130 --> 00:21:21,480
for new aircraft injuries or with the
prop fans and say the 1991 92 93

884
00:21:21,480 --> 00:21:21,490
prop fans and say the 1991 92 93
 

885
00:21:21,490 --> 00:21:27,540
prop fans and say the 1991 92 93
timeframe

886
00:21:27,540 --> 00:21:27,550

 

887
00:21:27,550 --> 00:21:30,190

the advanced turboprop program that you

888
00:21:30,190 --> 00:21:30,200
the advanced turboprop program that you
 

889
00:21:30,200 --> 00:21:32,020
the advanced turboprop program that you
just saw will help maintain the US

890
00:21:32,020 --> 00:21:32,030
just saw will help maintain the US
 

891
00:21:32,030 --> 00:21:33,790
just saw will help maintain the US
aircraft industry in a dominant world

892
00:21:33,790 --> 00:21:33,800
aircraft industry in a dominant world
 

893
00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:36,220
aircraft industry in a dominant world
leadership position well we've nearly

894
00:21:36,220 --> 00:21:36,230
leadership position well we've nearly
 

895
00:21:36,230 --> 00:21:38,230
leadership position well we've nearly
come to the end of our show but before

896
00:21:38,230 --> 00:21:38,240
come to the end of our show but before
 

897
00:21:38,240 --> 00:21:40,330
come to the end of our show but before
we go let's watch this NASA Lewis

898
00:21:40,330 --> 00:21:40,340
we go let's watch this NASA Lewis
 

899
00:21:40,340 --> 00:21:43,060
we go let's watch this NASA Lewis
Research Center overview this segment

900
00:21:43,060 --> 00:21:43,070
Research Center overview this segment
 

901
00:21:43,070 --> 00:21:44,170
Research Center overview this segment
will show you some of the high-tech

902
00:21:44,170 --> 00:21:44,180
will show you some of the high-tech
 

903
00:21:44,180 --> 00:21:45,850
will show you some of the high-tech
facilities and people who make it

904
00:21:45,850 --> 00:21:45,860
facilities and people who make it
 

905
00:21:45,860 --> 00:21:47,890
facilities and people who make it
possible for Louis to accomplish its

906
00:21:47,890 --> 00:21:47,900
possible for Louis to accomplish its
 

907
00:21:47,900 --> 00:21:50,560
possible for Louis to accomplish its
mission to develop advanced technology

908
00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:50,570
mission to develop advanced technology
 

909
00:21:50,570 --> 00:24:33,009
mission to develop advanced technology
for high priority national needs

910
00:24:33,009 --> 00:24:33,019

 

911
00:24:33,019 --> 00:24:35,149

thank you for spending some time with us

912
00:24:35,149 --> 00:24:35,159
thank you for spending some time with us
 

913
00:24:35,159 --> 00:24:37,369
thank you for spending some time with us
please stop by and see the many displays

914
00:24:37,369 --> 00:24:37,379
please stop by and see the many displays
 

915
00:24:37,379 --> 00:24:39,019
please stop by and see the many displays
and programs at the Visitor Center here

916
00:24:39,019 --> 00:24:39,029
and programs at the Visitor Center here
 

917
00:24:39,029 --> 00:24:41,450
and programs at the Visitor Center here
at Lois we are located near Hopkins

918
00:24:41,450 --> 00:24:41,460
at Lois we are located near Hopkins
 

919
00:24:41,460 --> 00:24:43,489
at Lois we are located near Hopkins
International Airport in Cleveland Ohio

920
00:24:43,489 --> 00:24:43,499
International Airport in Cleveland Ohio
 

921
00:24:43,499 --> 00:24:45,409
International Airport in Cleveland Ohio
admission is free and we are open every

922
00:24:45,409 --> 00:24:45,419
admission is free and we are open every
 

923
00:24:45,419 --> 00:24:48,440
admission is free and we are open every
day until next time then this is a

924
00:24:48,440 --> 00:24:48,450
day until next time then this is a
 

925
00:24:48,450 --> 00:24:52,309
day until next time then this is a
Mariko forest area saying goodbye